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  Indian J Med Microbiol
 

Figure 1: Effect of piperine on serum creatinine (a) and urea (b) and kidney histopathology (c) in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. Values represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 7). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus the sham group;##P < 0.01,###P < 0.001 versus ischemia–reperfusion injury group. IRI: ischemia-reperfusion injury; Pip: Piperine

Figure 1: Effect of piperine on serum creatinine (a) and urea (b) and kidney histopathology (c) in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. Values represent mean ± standard deviation (<i>n</i> = 7). * <i>P</i> < 0.05, ** <i>P</i> < 0.01, *** <i>P</i> < 0.001 versus the sham group;<sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01,<sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 versus ischemia–reperfusion injury group. IRI: ischemia-reperfusion injury; Pip: Piperine