| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 16
| Issue : 70 | Page : 350-359 |
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Comparison of antioxidant levels and anti-inflammatory activities of kelulut honey harvested at different month of intervals and its chemical compositions
Muhammad Aiman Haiqal Ismail1, Nurul Sharina Rasyidah Badrulhisham1, Vuanghao Lim2, Armania Nurdin1, Hanis Hazeera Harith1, Yoke Keong Yong3
1 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
2 Cluster of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
3 Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Correspondence Address:
Yoke Keong Yong
Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor
Malaysia
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_451_19
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Background: Harvesting time might influence the biological activities of honey, which is crucial for honey quality. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the optimum time for harvesting kelulut honey (KH) by determining its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and chemical composition at different harvesting times. Materials and Methods: KH harvested at three different intervals (1, 2, and 3 months) was supplied by Rimbunan Hijau Bee Farm, located in Sarawak, Malaysia. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant level of KH were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric-reducing ability of plasma assays, respectively. The cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of KH were evaluated on murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. The chemical composition of KH was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: TPC and antioxidant levels of KH collected at different intervals showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). KH at 1% concentration showed no cytotoxic activity toward RAW 264.7 cells after 24 h incubation. However, 1% KH showed no inhibition on NO production in LPS-induced RAW cells compared to the control. GC-MS revealed that hydroxymethylfurfural was present with the highest concentration in all samples. Conclusion: This study suggests that harvesting time does not influence the biological activities of KH.
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