|
Cardioprotective effect of Vedic Guard against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: A biochemical, electrocardiographic, and histopathological study
Basavaraj C Koti, Shweta Nagathan, Agadihiremath Vishwanathswamy, Pramod C Gadad, Agadihiremath Thippeswamy
Department of Pharmacology, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Hubli, Karnataka, India
| Date of Submission | 30-Mar-2012 |
| Date of Decision | 26-May-2012 |
| Date of Web Publication | 30-Apr-2013 |
Correspondence Address:
Basavaraj C Koti
Department of Pharmacology, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Hubli - 580 031, Karnataka
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.111287
 Abstract | | |
Background: Vedic Guard is a polyherbal formulation used in the treatment of various ailments, however, is not scientifically assessed for its effect on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Objective: To find out the preventive role of Vedic Guard against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Cardiotoxicity was produced by doxorubicin (15 mg/kg for 2 weeks). Vedic Guard (270 mg/kg, orally) was administered as pre-treatment for 2 weeks and then for 2 weeks alternated with doxorubicin (DXR). The general observations, mortality, histopathology, biomarker like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters, antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were monitored after 3 weeks of last dose. Results: The repeated administration of DXR causes cardiomyopathy associated with an antioxidant deficit. Pre-treatment with Vedic Guard decreases serum enzyme viz LDH, CPK, AST, and ALT levels to that of normal values. Vedic Guard significantly protected the myocardium from the toxic effect of DXR, by increasing the levels of antioxidants such as GSH, SOD, and CAT and decreased the elevated level of malondialdehyde. The study shows significant alteration of ECG pattern in DXR administered rats. The characteristic findings were elevation of ST segment, reduction in P waves, QRS complex, and R-R interval. Vedic Guard showed a protective effect against DXR-induced altered ECG pattern. It also reduced the severity of cellular damage of the myocardium confirmed by histopathology. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated c ardioprotective effect of Vedic Guard might be attributed to its antioxidant activity. Keywords: Antioxidant, cardioprotective, cardiotoxicity, doxorubicin, vedic guard
How to cite this article:
Koti BC, Nagathan S, Vishwanathswamy A, Gadad PC, Thippeswamy A. Cardioprotective effect of Vedic Guard against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: A biochemical, electrocardiographic, and histopathological study. Phcog Mag 2013;9:176-81 |
How to cite this URL:
Koti BC, Nagathan S, Vishwanathswamy A, Gadad PC, Thippeswamy A. Cardioprotective effect of Vedic Guard against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: A biochemical, electrocardiographic, and histopathological study. Phcog Mag [serial online] 2013 [cited 2021 Dec 2];9:176-81. Available from: http://www.phcog.com/text.asp?2013/9/34/176/111287 |
| Introduction | |  |
Doxorubicin (DXR), an anthracycline derivative, is one of the effective and useful anti-neoplastic agent commonly used for the treatment of variety of tumors including solid and malignant lymphoma. However, its clinical use is restricted due to its cardiotoxic effect. [1] Congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and electrocardiographic changes were demonstrated after cumulative DXR administration. [2]
The mechanism of DXR-induced cardiomyopathy is not completely understood, but several hypothesis have been postulated, which include inhibition of nucleic acid, [3] protein synthesis, [4] release of vasoactive amines, [5] alterations in sarcolemmal Ca 2+ transport, [6] alterations in membrane bound enzyme abnormalities in mitochondria, [7] lysosomal alterations, [8] and an imbalance of myocardial electrolytes. [9] However, recent studies have postulated the involvement of oxygen-free radicals in the development of cardiomyopathy due to DXR. The presence of semi-quinone in the tetracyclic aglycone molecule of DXR is reported to increase oxygen-free radical activity [10] as well as peroxidation of unsaturated lipids within the membranes. [11]
Polyherbal formulations/antioxidant compounds have shown protective effect in DXR-induced cardiotoxicity without reducing their therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, there is a growing interest in the usage of natural antioxidants as a protective strategy against the cardiovascular-related problems such as ischemia reperfusion [12] and DXR-induced cardiotoxicity. [13],[14] Earlier studies have reported that Lipistat, [15] Cardipro [16] and Abana, [17] a polyherbal formulations, have shown protective effect in DXR-induced cardiotoxicity. Vedic Guard (VG) is a poly herbal formulation, containing extract of well-known plants in Ayurveda possessing antioxidant activity, which protect the cell from degenerative changes. The herbal composition of Vedic Guard is Terminalia arjuna, Withania somnifera, Piper longum, Emblica officinalis, Curcuma longa, Tinosporia cordifolia, Terminalia chebula, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Commiphora mukul, Bacopa monnieri, Sida cordifolia, Mesua ferrea, Eclipta alba, Tribulus terrestris, Puereria tuberose, and Asphaltum. Vedic Guard is used in the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, stress and strain condition, cardiovascular diseases and as co-therapy in the management of tuberculosis, cancer, and liver cirrhosis. Earlier studies have shown that Vedic Guard prevents hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tubercular drugs in rats due to its potent antioxidant property. [18] In view of this, DXR-induced cardiotoxicity is linked to oxidative stress; therefore, the present study is designed to investigate the protective effect of Vedic Guard against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
| Materials and Methods | | |
Male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were used and were procured from Sri Venkateswara enterprises Bangalore. They were housed in a group of 6 under environmentally-controlled room with 12 h light/dark cycle and had free access to food and water. After 7 days of acclimatization period, they were randomly selected for different experimental groups.
All the experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with committee for the purpose of control and supervision of experiments on animal (CPCSEA) guidelines. All the experimental procedures were approved by the institutional animal ethical committee (IAEC).
Materials - Doxorubicin was a generous gift from Get Well Pharmaceuticals, India. Vedic Guard and other chemicals used were of analytical grade and procured locally. Analyzing kits were obtained from ERBA Diagnostics, Daman, India.
Dosage fixation - Doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg body weight i.p.) in 6 equal injections every alternative day to make a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg body weight was used in the present study based on previous report. [19] VG suspension was prepared in 0.5% CMC by using distilled water. Dose of VG 270 mg/kg body weight was selected according to therapeutically-equivalent dose.
Experimental design - After 1 week of acclimatization, the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals in each. Group 1 served as normal control and received normal saline 5 ml/kg body weight (i.p.). Group 2 animals were treated with DXR (2.5 mg/kg body weight i.p.) in 6 equal injections every alternative day to make a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. Group 3 animals received VG daily (270 mg/kg body weight p.o.) for 2 weeks and then alternatively with vehicle for next 2 weeks. Group 4 animals received VG (270 mg/kg body weight p.o., for 2 weeks) as a pre-treatment, followed by doxorubicin administration as in DXR group.
Enzyme assays - After 36 h of the last treatment, orbital blood samples were obtained under light ether anesthesia using heparinized microcapillaries for the estimation of cardiac biomarkers CPK, [20] LDH, [21] ALP, [22] AST and ALT. [23]
Both control and treated animals were observed for as long as 3 weeks after the last injection for the general appearance, behavior, and mortality. At the end of 3 weeks post-treatment period, animals were anesthetized with light anesthetic ether, and ECG parameters were recorded using computerized data acquisition system (Biopac MP 35).
The animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, and a midline abdominal incision was performed, and heart tissue was quickly dissected out, washed in ice-cold saline, dried on filter paper, and weighed immediately. A portion of each heart was taken from all the groups, and a 30% w/v homogenate was prepared in 0.9% buffered KCl (pH 7.4) for the estimation of glutathione (GSH), [24] superoxide dismutase (SOD), [25] catalase (CAT), [26] and malondialdehyde (MDA). [27] The remaining portion of the heart tissue was used for histopathological studies.
Statistical analysis - The results were expressed as the mean ± SE. The results obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison tests. Data were computed for statistical analysis by using Graph Pad Prism Software.
| Results | | |
Chronic administration of doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity and effect of VG was established by significant increase in cardiac biomarker enzymes, ECG pattern, and endogenous antioxidants and heart tissue histopathology.
General observations - The general appearance of all groups of animals was recorded throughout the study. In doxorubicin-treated group, the animal fur became scruffy and developed a pink tinge. These animals also had red exudates around the eyes and nose, soft watery feces. Necrosis was also observed at the site of DXR injection. These changes were less pronounced in case of VG pre-treated group. There was 50% mortality in DXR-treated group, whereas in pre-treated group, there was no mortality.
Heart weight, body weight, and ratio of heart weight to body weight - Effect of DXR on heart weight, body weight, liver weight, ratio of heart weight to body weight, and liver weight to body weight is shown in [Table 1]. The food and water intake in DXR-treated group was significantly decreased as compared to control group. The food and water intake in the VG+DXR group was significantly increased as compared to DXR group. The heart weight, body weight, liver weight, ratio of heart weight to body weight, and liver weight to body weight in DXR treated rats were significantly increased compared with normal rats. The heart weight, body weight, liver weight, ratio of heart weight to body weight, and liver weight to body weight in VG+DXR group was significantly decreased compared with DXR group.  | Table 1: Effect of Vedic Guard on heart weight, body weight, liver weight, and ratio of heart weight to body weight in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Click here to view |
Cardiac damage enzyme markers - Animals treated with DXR produced significant increase in the levels of ALP, CPK, LDH ALT, and AST as compared to control group. VG+DXR group produced significant decrease in the level of ALP, CPK, LDH, ALT, and AST as compared to DXR group [Figure 1].  | Figure 1: Effect of Vedic Guard on different enzyme levels in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), P < 0.01 when compared with *normal and †doxorubicin of respective enzyme levels
Click here to view |
Electrocardiographic pattern - Electrocardiograph abnormalities are the main criteria generally used for the definite diagnosis of myocardial injury. The study show significant alteration of ECG patterns in DXR-administered rats as compared to normal control rats [Figure 2] and [Figure 3]. The characteristic findings were elevation of ST segment, reduction in P waves, QRS complex, and R-R interval. In addition, there was a prolongation of QT interval. VG administration showed a protective effect against DXR-induced altered ECG parameter and eliminated the acute fatal complication by protecting the cell membrane damage. | Figure 2: Effect of Vedic Guard on ECG parameters in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6), P < 0.01 when compared with *normal and †doxorubicin of respective ECG parameter
Click here to view |
 | Figure 3: Effect of Vedic Guard on electrocardiographic pattern of (a): Normal; (b): Doxorubicin alone; (c): Vedic Guard; and (d): VG + DXR in rats.
Click here to view |
Antioxidant status - Effect of doxorubicin on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes is shown in [Table 2].  | Table 2: Effect of Vedic Guard on malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Click here to view |
The malondialdehyde level was increased; GSH, SOD, and CAT level were significantly decreased in doxorubicin-treated group as compared to normal animals. VG+DXR group produced significant decrease in the level of MDA and increase in the status of antioxidant and antioxidant enzymes.
Histopathological observation - The histology of the heart tissue from control and VG-treated animals showed normal morphological appearances, whereas in DXR group, disruptions of loss of myofibrils and vacuolization of the cytoplasm were observed. The histology of heart tissues from VG+DXR group showed less loss of myofibrils and vacuolization of the cytoplasm [Figure 4].  | Figure 4: Histopathological studies of various treated groups (a): Normal; (b): Doxorubicin alone; (c): Vedic Guard and (d): VG + DXR in rats. The stain used to illustrate the histopathological changes was (H and E, x100)
Click here to view |
| Discussion | | |
Our results confirmed that a cumulative dose of DXR (15 mg/kg) induces cardiotoxicity in mice as evidenced by increase in mortality, decrease in heart weight, increased levels of biomarker enzymes, ECG changes, and loss of cardiomyocytes. Frequent administration of DXR has been shown to cause cardiomyopathic changes in patients and as well as in a variety of animal models. Administration of VG, a polyherbal preparation, reduced DXR-induced mortality in mice.
The experimental study reveals severe biochemical changes as well as oxidative damage in the cardiac tissue after the chronic treatment with DXR (cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg body weight). Doxorubicin is a well-known cardiotoxic agent; due to its ability, it will destruct myocardial cells. As a result of this, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transaminase (AST, ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) were released into blood stream and served as the diagnostic markers of myocardial tissue damage. The amount of these cellular enzymes present in the blood reflects the alteration in plasma membrane integrity and/or permeability.
In the present study, DXR-treated rats showed significant elevation in the levels of these diagnostic marker enzymes (AST, ALT, CK, LDH, and ALP). Moreover, elevated levels of these enzymes are an indicator of the severity of DXR-induced myocardial damage, which is in line with an earlier report. [28] The prior administration of VG showed significant reduction in DXR-induced elevated serum marker enzymes. This reduction in the enzyme level confirms that VG is responsible for maintenance of normal structural and architectural integrity of cardiac myocytes, thereby restricting the leakage of these enzymes, which can be accounted for membrane-stabilizing property of VG.
Electrocardiograph abnormalities are the main criteria generally used for the definite diagnosis of myocardial injury. The study show significant alteration of ECG patterns in DXR-administered rats as compared to normal control rats. The characteristic findings were elevation of ST segment, reduction in P waves, QRS complex, and R-R interval. In addition, there was a prolongation of QT interval. Moreover, ECG changes are an indicator of the severity of DXR-induced myocardial damage, which is in line with an earlier report. [29] The consecutive loss of cellular membrane damage due to oxidative stress might be characterized by ST elevation. VG administration showed a protective effect against DXR-induced altered ECG parameter and eliminated the acute fatal complication by protecting the cell membrane damage.
The mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by a DXR is not clearly known from the present study, although large body of evidence supports that DXR administration is associated with a decrease in endogenous antioxidants and increase in oxygen-free radicals, resulting in increased oxidative stress, which is followed by development of a variety of sub-cellular changes in the myocardium, typical of doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury. [30] In rat treated with DXR, we found significant increase in heart tissue MDA levels, suggesting increased lipid per oxidation and decreased in levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT. Pre-treatment with VG efficiently counteracted the doxorubicin-induced cardiac tissue damage by significant decrease in MDA and increase in GSH, SOD, and CAT levels. Cardiac tissue damage may be due to increased oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidants as reported earlier. [31]
Histopathological report suggests that VG pre-treated group attenuates the doxorubicin-induced loss of myofibrils, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, and swelling of mitochondria. The histopathological changes observed in the doxorubicin-treated rats were similar to those previously reported.
Collectively, these electrocardiographic, biochemical, and histopathological results provide a possible and potential cardioprotection against DXR toxicity. Therefore, the antioxidant mechanism of VG may include its well-known ingredients in Ayurveda possessing antioxidant activity, which protects the cell from degenerative changes. Thus, in this work, VG effectively prevented tissue damage by decreasing the oxidative stress and restoring the antioxidant status.
Constituents of VG such as Terminalia arjuna, [32] Withania somnifera,[33] Piper longum, [34]Tinosporia cordifolia,[35] and Curcuma longa,[36] by virtue of their antioxidant property, prevent free radicals-mediated cardiotoxicity. In the present study, VG might serve as novel combination to limit free radical-mediated organ injury by restoring hemodynamic, biochemical, and histopathological alternations in rats via augmentation of endogenous antioxidants and maintenance of the myocardial antioxidant status.
Finally, we conclude that the cardiotoxicity induced by DXR is in relationship with oxidative stress. Our study suggests that Vedic Guard may be considered as a potentially useful candidate in combination with DXR to limit free radical-mediated myocardial injury.
| References | | |
| 1. | Vergely C, Delemasure S, Cottin Y, Rochette L. Preventing the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines: From basic concepts to clinical data. Heart Metab 2007;35:1-17. 
|
| 2. | Bonadonna G, monfardini S, De Lena M, Fassati-Bellani F, Beretta G. Phase I and preliminary phase II evaluation of adriamyin. Cancer Res 1970;30:2572-82.
|
| 3. | Arena E, Bionda F, D'Alessndro N, Dusoncher L, Gebbia N, Gerbasi R. DNA, RNA protein synthesis in heart, liver and brain of mice treated with denaturation of adriamycin. Int Res Commun Syst Med Sci 1984;2:10543-1061.
|
| 4. | Buja LM, Ferrans VJ, Mayer RJ, Roberts WC, Hinderson ES. Cardiac ultrastructural changes induced by daunorubucin therapy. Cancer 1973;32:771-88.
|
| 5. | Bristow MR, Sagemen WS, Scott RH, Billingham ME, Bowden RE, Kernoff RS, et al. Acute and chronic cardiovascular effects of doxorubicin in the dog: the cardiovascular pharmacology of drug-induced histamine release. Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1980;2:487-515.
|
| 6. | Singal PK, Pierce GN. Adriamycin stimulates Ca 2+ -binding and lipid peroxidation but depress myocardial function. Am J Physiol 1986;250:H419-24.
|
| 7. | Singal PK, Panagia V. Direct effect of adriamycin on the rat heart sarcolemma. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1984;43:67-77.
|
| 8. | Singal PK, Segstro RU, Singh RP, Kutryk MJ. Changes in lysosomal morphology and enzyme activities during development of adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 1985;1:139-47.
|
| 9. | Oslan HM, Young DM, Prieur DJ, LeRoy AF, Reagan RL. Electrolyte and oxidation products of certain lipids. J Biol Chem 1974;174:257-64.
|
| 10. | Lee V, Randhawa AK, Singhal PK. Adriamycin induced myocardial dysfunction in vitro is mediated by free radicals. Am J Physiol 1991;261:H989-95.
|
| 11. | Myers CE, McGuire WP, Liss RH, Ifrim I, Grotzinger K, Young RC. Adriamycin: The role of lipid peroxidation in cardiac toxicity and tumor response. Science 1977;19:165-7.
|
| 12. | Gauthaman K, Mohamed Saleem TS, Ravi V, Patel SS, Devaraj SN. Alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna Protect the rabbit heart against Ischemic-reperfusion injury: Role of antioxidant enzymes and heart shock protein. Proc World Acad Sci Eng Technol 2008;32:494-504.
|
| 13. | Singh G, Singh AT, Abraham A, Bhat B, Mukherjee A, Verma R, et al. Protective effect of Terminalia arjuna against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. J Ethanopharmacol 2008;117:123-9.
|
| 14. | Hamza A, Amin A, Daoud S. The protective effect of a purified extract of Withania somnifera against doxorubicin induced cardiac toxicity in rats. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008;24:63-73.
|
| 15. | Koti BC, Vishwanathswamy AH, Jyoti W, Thippeswamy AH. Cardioprotective effect of lipistat against doxorubicin induced myocardial toxicity in albino rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2009;47:41-6.
|
| 16. | Mohan IK, Kumar KV, Naidu MU, Khan M, Sundaram C. Protective effect of Cardipro against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Phytomedicine 2006;13:222-9.
|
| 17. | Sasikumar SC, Shyamala Devi CS. Protective effect of Abana, a polyherbal formulation, on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Ind J Pharmacol 2000;32:198-201.
|
| 18. | Razdan R, Imranulla, Amar Dev MG. Preventive and curative effects of Vedic Guard against anti-tubercular drugs induced hepatic damage in rats. Phcog Mag 2008;4:182-8.
 |
| 19. | Ayaz SA, Bhandari U, Pillai KK. Influence of DL α-lipoic acid and vitamin-E against doxorubicin-induced biochemical and histological changes in the cardiac tissue of rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:294-9.
|
| 20. | Rosalki SB. An improved procedure for serum creatine phosphokinase determination. J Lab Clin Med 1967;69:696-705.
|
| 21. | Henry RJ, Chiamori N, Goiub OJ, Berkman S. Revised spectrophotometric methods for the determination of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and lactic acid dehydrogenase. Am J Clin Path 1960;34:381-98.
|
| 22. | Wilkinson JH, Boutwell JH, Winsten S. Evaluation of a new system for the kinetic measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chem 1969;15:487-95.
|
| 23. | Reitman S, Frankel S. A colorimetric method for thedetermination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 1957;28:56-63.
|
| 24. | Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups, Arch Biochem Biophys 1959;82:70-7.
|
| 25. | Mishra HP, Fridovich I. The role of superoxide anion in the auto-oxidation of Epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismuatse. J Biol Chem 1972;247;3170-5.
|
| 26. | Clairborne A, Catalase activity, in Handbook of methods for oxygen radical research, edited by R A Greenwald, (CRC Press Boca Raton) 1985, 283.
|
| 27. | Ohkawa H, Ohish N, Yogi K. Assay for lipid peroxidase in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351-8.
|
| 28. | Wakade AS, Shah AS, Kulkarni MP, Juvekar AR. Protective effect of Piper longum L. on oxidative stress induced injury and cellular abnormality in adrimycin induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2008;46:528-33.
|
| 29. | Villani F, Monti E, Piccinini F, Favalli L, Lanza E, Rozza Dionigi A, et al. Relationship between doxorubicin-induced ECG changes and myocardial alterations in rats. Tumori 1986;72:323-9.
|
| 30. | Ayaz SA, Bhandari U, Pillai KK. Influence of DL α-lipoic acid and vitamin-E against doxorubicin-induced biochemical and histological changes in the cardiac tissue of rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:294-9.
|
| 31. | Thippeswamy AH, Akshay S, Koti BC, Jaffar AS, Praveen DM, Viswanatha Swamy AH, et al. Protective role of Phyllantus niruri extract in doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011;43:31-5.
[PUBMED] |
| 32. | Singh G, Singh AT, Abraham A, Bhat B, Mukherjee A, Verma R, et al. Protective effect of Terminalia arjuna against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;117:123-9.
|
| 33. | Hamza A, Amin A, Daoud S. The protective effect of a purified extract of Withania somnifera against doxorubicin induced cardiac toxicity in rats. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008;24:63-73.
|
| 34. | Wakade AS, Shah AS, Kulkarni MP, Juvekar AR. Protective effect of Piper longum L. on oxidative stress induced injury and cellular abnormality in adrimycin induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Ind J Exp Biol 2008;46:528-33.
|
| 35. | Rao PR, Kumar VK, Viswanath RK, Subbaraju GV. Cardioprotective activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia in ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial infarction in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2005;28:2319-22.
|
| 36. | Mohanty IR, Arya DS, Gupta SK. Dietary Curcuma longa protects myocardium against isoproterenol induced hemodynamic, biochemical and histopathological alternations in rats. Int J Appl Res Nat Prod 2008;1:19-28.
|
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4]
[Table 1], [Table 2]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Bradykinin-Potentiating Activity of a Gamma-Irradiated Bioactive Fraction Isolated from Scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) Venom in Rats with Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity: Favorable Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory, Fibrogenic a |
|
| Lamiaa A. Ahmed, Fatma Y. Abdou, Abir A. El Fiky, Esmat A. Shaaban, Afaf A. Ain-Shoka | | Cardiovascular Toxicology. 2021; 21(2): 127 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Trimetazidine improved adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy by downregulating
TNF
-a,
BAX
, and
VEGF
immunoexpression via an antioxidant mechanism
|
|
| Basma G. Eid, Nagla Abd El-Aziz El-Shitany, Thikryat Neamatallah | | Environmental Toxicology. 2021; 36(6): 1217 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Ceylon cinnamon) bark extract attenuates doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats |
|
| Jayasinghe Arachchige Nirosha Sandamali, Ruwani Punyakanthi Hewawasam, Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana Jayatilaka, Lakmini Kumari Boralugoda Mudduwa | | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2021; 29(8): 820 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
Effect of ethanolic extract of Rosa centifolia against doxorubicin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats |
|
| S.K. Nimbal, Pramod C. Gadad, Basavaraj C. Koti | | Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
Investigation on protective effect of Terminalia bellirica (Roxb.) against drugs induced cardiotoxicity in wistar albino rats |
|
| Rahul Chaudhary, Richa Singh, Rajeev Verma, Prashant Kumar, Nitin Kumar, Lubhan Singh, Sadish Kumar S | | Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020; 261: 113080 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
Modulatory effect of metformin on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin via the MAPK and AMPK pathways |
|
| Jiaoting Chen, Sheng Zhang, Guixuan Pan, Lin Lin, Dongying Liu, Zhen Liu, Song Mei, Lijing Zhang, Zhihang Hu, Jianguo Chen, Huaxing Luo, Yin Wang, Yanfei Xin, Zhenqiang You | | Life Sciences. 2020; 249: 117498 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
Taurine protects against cardiac dysfunction induced by pressure overload through SIRT1–p53 activation |
|
| Jing Liu, Yongfei Ai, Xiaolin Niu, Fujun Shang, Zhili Li, Hui Liu, Wei Li, Wenshuai Ma, Ruirui Chen, Ting Wei, Xue Li, Xiaoli Li | | Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2020; 317: 108972 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
DOXORUBICIN INDUCED NEURO- AND CARDIOTOXICITIES IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS: PROTECTION AGAINST OXIDATIVE DAMAGE BY THEOBROMA CACAO STEM BARK |
|
| A.M. Kosoko,O.J. Olurinde,O.A. Akinloye | | Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
Selenium and a newly synthesized Thiocyanoacetamide reduce Doxorubicin gonadotoxicity in male rat |
|
| Marwa Boussada,Ridha Ben Ali,Azaa Ben Said,Khouloud Bokri,Azaiez Ben Akacha,Chedli Dziri,Michèle Véronique El May | | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017; 89: 1005 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 10 |
Cardioprotective mechanisms of phytochemicals against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity |
|
| Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk,Ammar Ismail,Amr Muhammad Abdo Salem,Ahmed M. Afifi,Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim | | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017; 90: 935 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 11 |
Co-delivery of doxorubicin and quercetin via mPEG–PLGA copolymer assembly for synergistic anti-tumor efficacy and reducing cardio-toxicity |
|
| Waseem Akhtar Qureshi,Ruifang Zhao,Hai Wang,Tianjiao Ji,Yanping Ding,Ayesha Ihsan,Ayeesha Mujeeb,Guangjun Nie,Yuliang Zhao | | Science Bulletin. 2016; 61(21): 1689 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 12 |
TXNIP/TRX/NF-?B and MAPK/NF-?B pathways involved in the cardiotoxicity induced by Venenum Bufonis in rats |
|
| Qi-rui Bi,Jin-jun Hou,Peng Qi,Chun-hua Ma,Rui-hong Feng,Bing-peng Yan,Jian-wei Wang,Xiao-jian Shi,Yuan-yuan Zheng,Wan-ying Wu,De-an Guo | | Scientific Reports. 2016; 6: 22759 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 13 |
Ameliorative effect of naringin against doxorubicin-induced acute cardiac toxicity in rats |
|
| Mohit Kwatra,Vikas Kumar,Ashok Jangra,Murli Mishra,Sahabuddin Ahmed,Pinaki Ghosh,Divya Vohora,Razia Khanam | | Pharmaceutical Biology. 2016; 54(4): 637 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 14 |
Combinatorial resveratrol and quercetin polymeric micelles mitigate doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo |
|
| Brianna Cote,Lisa Janssen Carlson,Deepa A. Rao,Adam W.G. Alani | | Journal of Controlled Release. 2015; 213: 128 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 15 |
cardioprotective effect of vedic guard against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: a biochemical, electrocardiographic, and histopathological study |
|
| koti, basavaraj c and nagathan, shweta and vishwanathswamy, agadihiremath and gadad, pramod c and thippeswamy, agadihiremath | | pharmacognosy magazine. 2013; 9(34): 176 | | [Pubmed] | |
|
 |
|
|
|
